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Comma Rules
Commas!
1. Use a comma to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.
The night was clear, but it was too cold to have a hayride.
2. Use a comma to separate introductory clauses beginning with adverbs, gerund phrases, and prepositional phrases with two or more prepositions.
(adverb) While eating lunch, the students discussed their weekend plans.
(gerund) Writing in his spare time, Bob completed his first book on toads.
(preposition) After going into the room, Stacy realized that she took a wrong turn.
3. Use a commas to separate introductory words of direct address or mild interjection.
Hey, you guys are awesome!
Toby, I have already given you the homework.
4. Use a comma to separate words or groups of words in a series.
The cafeteria serves crispitos, salads, and hamburgers.
5. Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives proceeding a noun.
This is the newest, fastest car on the market.
6. Use a comma to separate contrasting words, phrases, and clauses introduced by not.
I will vote for Tom, not Bill.
7. Use two commas to separate interrupters that come in the middle of a sentence.
This specimen, you see, is the rarest of its kind.
So, Billy, why did you decide on lower paying job?
8. Use two commas to separate appostives and non-essential phrases that interrupt a sentence.
Bill Cosby, a comedian and father, has had many ups and downs in his career.
Warren Beatty, who was once considering a bid for president, starred in Bullworth.
9. Use a comma to separate parts of dates, geographical names, and addresses.
On October 2, 2000, my grandparents renewed their wedding vows.
I live in Basehor, Kansas, U.S.A.
10. Use a comma to separate professional degrees, titles, or company affiliations.
Dr. Marc Bolts, Jr., is my dentist. -- or -- Marc Bolts, Jr., D.D.S., is my dentist.
I work for Salon, Inc.
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